BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A PROCLAMATION

1.  Within the past 90 days, the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) transmitted to me a report on his investigation into the effects of imports of wind turbines and their parts and components on the national security of the United States under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1862 (section 232).  Based on the facts considered in that investigation, and taking into account the close relation of the economic welfare of the Nation to our national security and other relevant factors, see section 232(d) (19 U.S.C. 1862(d)), the Secretary found and advised me of his opinion that wind turbines and their components and subcomponents are being imported into the United States under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States and provided me recommendations for action under section 232 to adjust the imports of wind turbines and their components and subcomponents so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security of the United States.

2.  Among other things, the Secretary found that wind energy is an unreliable and intermittent energy source and that the use of wind energy diverts the United States electrical grid from more reliable energy sources.  The Secretary also found that products used to generate and use wind energy pose serious national security concerns, including by relying on foreign parts that contain cybersecurity vulnerabilities that could lead to remote control access to wind turbines and cause power disruption; undermining the United States’ electrical grid, and potentially causing disruptions to critical infrastructure; interfering with national airspace and air safety; and causing radar interference that can affect air traffic control, weather forecasting, homeland security, and national defense missions.  And the Secretary found that imports of wind turbine components and subcomponents have increased over the last decade, and that United States wind energy is reliant on imports of foreign produced wind turbine components and subcomponents.

3.  The Secretary found that wind energy is intermittent and burdensome on the United States electrical grid.  Wind energy is inherently intermittent, and this unpredictability undermines wind’s suitability as a standalone energy source compared to the steady output of fossil fuel or nuclear energy, particularly if used for critical infrastructure.  And even though wind energy comprises only a small portion of total utility scale power generated in the United States, grid operators must frequently rely upon fast-ramping fossil fuel backup generators to compensate for wind energy’s high net load variability and maintain grid stability.  This results in higher operational costs and increased maintenance burdens.

4.  The Secretary found that the unpredictability of wind energy makes it less reliable than other energy sources that conversely provide steady output as standalone energy sources.  Given wind energy’s intermittent reliability, use of wind energy diverts the United States electrical grid from more reliable energy sources.  And resources that are used to support wind energy and wind energy projects could instead have been used to strengthen more reliable energy sources that are essential to the national and economic security of the United States.

5.  The Secretary found that the use of wind energy poses unique national security risks compared to other energy sources. Among other things, wind energy products have serious cybersecurity vulnerabilities that can cause power disruption; interfere with radar, thus significantly affecting air traffic control, weather forecasting, homeland security, and national defense missions; and burden the United States electrical grid, including by diverting the United States electrical grid from more reliable energy sources.

6.  More specifically, the Secretary found that wind energy products — particularly foreign imported products — present unique cybersecurity risks that could lead to remote control access to wind turbines and cause power disruption.  Inverters are a crucial piece of electrical equipment for using wind energy, as inverters convert the electrical energy generated by wind turbines into a form of energy that can be used by the power grid or local systems.  The vast majority of these inverters are produced outside the United States and imported into the United States.  But modern networked inverters used in wind farms — particularly those produced and imported from outside the United States — are an exploitable vulnerability that can allow remote access and interference with United States power systems.  Attackers could gain remote control over power generation, which presents risks of power disruption or sabotage of installation facilities.

7.  The Secretary found that wind turbines can affect ground and air-based radars by creating “clutter,” reducing detection sensitivity, obscuring potential targets, and scattering radio wave returns.  For example, clutter from wind projects obscures legitimate moving targets and generates false targets in the vicinity of the wind projects, and some mitigation techniques can lead to missing actual targets.  These circumstances thus pose grave national security risks to the United States, particularly in response to threats (e.g., unauthorized aircraft) targeting sensitive United States critical infrastructure.  And degraded radar performance from wind turbines can also have negative implications on weather forecasting, air traffic management, and military radar systems. 

8.  The Secretary found that the United States is reliant on imports of foreign produced wind turbine components and subcomponents and that imports of wind turbine components and subcomponents have increased over the last decade, while domestic manufacturing capacity for certain products, such as blades, has not meaningfully increased. 

9.  In light of these findings and the other findings in the Secretary’s report, the Secretary recommended a range of actions to adjust the imports of wind turbines and their components and subcomponents so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security.

10.  Moreover, in Proclamation 9704 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States), Proclamation 9705 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States), and Proclamation 10962 of July 30, 2025 (Adjusting Imports of Copper Into the United States), I found that aluminum, steel, and copper are being imported into the United States in such quantities and under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States and took action under section 232 to address the national security threats found in those proclamations.  Certain wind turbine components and subcomponents are made of significant amounts of aluminum, steel, or copper and contribute to the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704, Proclamation 9705, and Proclamation 10962.  Accordingly, certain wind turbine components and subcomponents are subject to the tariffs imposed in Proclamation 9704, as amended; Proclamation 9705, as amended; or Proclamation 10962, as amended, to address the national security threats found in those proclamations.

11.  After considering the Secretary’s report, the factors in section 232(d) (19 U.S.C. 1862(d)), and other relevant factors and information, I concur with the Secretary’s finding that wind turbines and their components and subcomponents are being imported into the United States under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States.

12.  In my judgment, and in light of the Secretary’s report, the factors in section 232(d) (19 U.S.C. 1862(d)), and other relevant factors and information, I determine that it is necessary and appropriate to enter into negotiations with foreign trading partners to adjust the imports of wind turbines and their components and subcomponents to address the national security threat found in this proclamation. 

13.  I therefore direct the Secretary and the United States Trade Representative (Trade Representative) to jointly pursue negotiation of agreements or continue any current negotiations of agreements to address the threatened impairment of the national security with respect to imported wind turbines and their components and subcomponents, with any foreign trading partner the Secretary and the Trade Representative deem appropriate, and to update me on the progress of such negotiations within 180 days of the date of this proclamation.  Under current circumstances, this plan of action is necessary and appropriate to address the threatened impairment of the national security found in this proclamation.  Depending on the status or outcome of such negotiations, I may consider alternative remedies in the future. 

14.  Section 232 authorizes the President to take action to adjust the imports of an article and its derivatives that are being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States.  Section 232 includes the authority to adopt and carry out a plan of action, with adjustments over time, to address the national security threat.  That initial plan of action may include negotiations of agreements along with other actions to adjust imports to address the national security threat, including tariffs.  Moreover, if action under section 232 includes the negotiation of an agreement, such as one contemplated in section 232(c)(3)(A)(i) (19 U.S.C. 1862(c)(3)(A)(i)), the President may also take other actions he deems necessary to adjust imports so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security of the United States, including if such an agreement is not entered into within 180 days of the date of this proclamation or is not being carried out or is ineffective.  See 19 U.S.C. 1862(c)(3)(A).

15.  Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483) (section 604), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States the substance of statutes affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import restriction.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 232; section 604; and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, do hereby proclaim as follows:

(1)  The Secretary and the Trade Representative, and any senior executive branch official they deem appropriate, shall jointly pursue or continue pursuing negotiations of agreements to address the national security threat found in this proclamation.

(2)  The Secretary and the Trade Representative, in consultation with any other senior executive branch officials they deem appropriate, shall, from time to time, update me on the status or outcome of the negotiations described in this proclamation.  The Secretary and the Trade Representative shall provide at least one of these updates within 180 days of the date of this proclamation.

(3)  The Secretary shall continue to monitor imports of wind turbines and their components and subcomponents.  The Secretary also shall, from time to time, in consultation with any senior executive branch officials the Secretary deems appropriate, review the status of such imports with respect to the national security.  The Secretary shall inform me of any circumstances that, in the Secretary’s opinion, might indicate the need for further action by the President under section 232. 

(4)  Nothing in this proclamation modifies the tariffs imposed pursuant to Proclamation 9704, as amended; Proclamation 9705, as amended; and Proclamation 10962, as amended, or any other tariffs imposed pursuant to section 232.

(5)  Any provision of previous proclamations and Executive Orders that is inconsistent with this proclamation is superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.  If any provision of this proclamation or the application of any provision of this proclamation to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation and the application of its provisions to any other individual or circumstance shall not be affected. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fifty-first.

                               DONALD J. TRUMP

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