Aramco Cuts Asia Oil Prices To Six-Year Low, Warns Global Oil Supply Buffer “Scarily Thin”

Saudi Aramco has raised oil prices for European-bound cargoes in November but has cut prices for Asian buyers to the lowest in six years as Persian Gulf producers race for market share with flows through the Strait of Hormuz increasing. 

The state-owned firm will offer Arab Light crude to buyers in Asia to $5 a barrel less than the Dubai/Oman benchmark for November, according to Bloomberg citing a list from the producer. That compared with a discount of $2 a barrel for this month. Traders and refiners had expected a $5 increase from October, a Bloomberg survey shows. 

The unexpected cut amounted to $3 per barrel – which is the lowest since June 2020, not long after crude hit negative prices for the first and only time in history – is a signal the world’s largest oil exporter may be trying to boost sales to Asia, along with other Persian Gulf producers. Aramco raised November prices to Europe by $3 a barrel, and left those to the US unchanged from this month.

For European buyers, on the other hand, the November oil price will be $3 per barrel higher than it was for this month, across all grades. The prices for Saudi oil grades sold to the United States remained unchanged from  October. 

The discount for Asian buyers is likely a response to a surge in shipping costs for the Hormuz route, where Saudi Arabia is using ship-to-ship transfers in the Gulf of Oman to reduce the risk of Iranian attacks on vessels carrying its crude. The STS involves sending smaller vessels to pick up crude from the Persian Gulf, pass through Hormuz, and offload the crude onto VLCCs waiting off Oman. This oil-shuttling has boosted the cost of transporting crude from the Persian Gulf to other parts of the world, mostly Asia.

The freight cost for a very large crude carrier has soared to an all-time high of $1.3 million per day because of the Hormuz situation. This is up 43 times from January this year, when the rate for a VLCC stood at some $30,000 per day, according to Bloomberg.

Because of these price developments, freight costs now add some $33 to the price of a barrel of oil getting shipped out of the Persian Gulf. This compares to $1.73 per barrel in January. In percentage terms, freight costs now represent 27% of the delivered cost for a VLCC cargo, versus 3% in January, the Poten & Partners data also showed.

Meanwhile, at roughly the same time as it was slashing prices to capture some of the UAE’s market share, the head of Saudi Arabia’s state producer said that oil stockpiles that cushion the world from supply shocks have become “scarily thin,” putting markets at risk of worsening unless the Strait of Hormuz reopens.

The head of the world’s single biggest crude exporting company was speaking just days after governments in the world’s biggest economies announced plans to release as much as 100 million barrels of emergency oil and diesel stocks to ease rising fuel costs.

“Until Hormuz fully re-opens and confidence returns, the crude reality is that pressure at both ends of the barrel will intensify,” Amin Nasser, chief executive of Saudi Aramco, said at the Energy Intelligence Forum in London on Monday. “While the squeeze on crude is serious, refined fuel prices have risen even more sharply.”

Consumption of crude is still rising and countries will require even more supply for at least the next two years while rebuilding their inventories, Nasser said. That could mean additional demand of at least 2 million barrels a day, or even more if governments decide to increase the amount of oil they hold in stockpiles, he said. 

Commenting on the latest emergency release, Rabobank’s Michael Every writes that the 50 million barrels of oil that Europe agreed to release (following US demands) are not from a government-owned facility but private stocks and were reportedly already available for sale, “but Europe is instead opting to buy cheaper US flows. So, the EU move was serious, showing who still asks, ‘How many barrels?’ when the White House asks for a jump in output, yet performative in that truly cheap diesel will remain in short supply.”

When the US-Iran war began, the world had about 10 billion barrels of oil stocks, Nasser said. That has fallen to less than 6 billion, of which only 10% of which is practically available due to various technical restrictions, he said, echoing what JPM‘s Natasha Kaneva warned about back in May.

Releasing part of what’s left in global stockpiles will buy economies some time but won’t fix the imbalances between supply and demand, Nasser said. Gulf producers are working to ramp up production and exports and have succeeded in boosting crude flows to near prewar levels.

Saudi Arabia and neighbors like the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait have been using their own tankers to ship crude through Hormuz, which has been at least partly obstructed since the US and Israel attacked Iran at the end of February, kicking off a regional war.

The higher flows have provided scant relief for oil markets, which are still pricing in security risks to supply in the Persian Gulf and Red Sea. Brent crude, the international benchmark, has traded around $100 a barrel over the past month, even as more tankers transited Hormuz. Those vessels have had to run the risk of heightened attacks, while Saudi Arabia has been repeatedly targeted over the last month.

Still, all of Aramco’s upstream capacity remains intact, Nasser said. That has allowed the company to continue covering its supply contracts with buyers in Europe and Asia. The company has used various export routes, shifted supply between its different crude grades and pressed its own tankers into operation to supply customers, he said.

Over the past month, Aramco boosted crude shipments from its main export terminal at Ras Tanura in the Persian Gulf. The company reacted quickly to a temporary halt to its main cross-country pipeline after an attack last month, and has since brought flows back to about 80% of capacity, although earlier today we got reports of another massive explosion on the East-West pipeline which likely halted shipments again. 

“Massive fires” on the Saudi oil export pipeline: Sabereenhttps://t.co/WliqWfrUQY pic.twitter.com/WKpjzRWpL7

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Aramco is looking for alternative crude export routes to avoid relying too much on any single method of reaching global buyers, Nasser said, without providing specifics. The company is studying plans that would double or triple the capacity of its storage facilities, he said.